Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Professor of Motor Behavior Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 PhD student in motor behavior, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
3 Motor Behavior Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
Typically, skill improvement comes with practice. But not all skill improvement depends on practice. Consolidation is a set of neural processes whereby a memory becomes both more stable and enhancement over time. In the literature of neuroscience and behavioral sciences, consolidation has two sub-processes: synaptic consolidation and system consolidation. The purpose of this review was to investigate the temporal processes and spatial substrates of motor memory consolidation. Two working steps were used in this review article: a) identification of the research question, b) identification of relevant studies. From a total of 147 articles and after several stages of screening, 39 articles were included in this review. According to the evidence obtained; 1) Synaptic consolidation generally takes place in the neuronal connections of the same areas of the nervous system that are stimulated and activated in the first minutes and hours after practice. This process occurs in the longest reported state between 4 and 6 hours after the end of the acquisition. 2) Depending on the type of skill and task, the system consolidation of a movement involves different areas of the brain, and requires 24 to 72 hours after the end of the acquisition for processes such as stabilization(12 hours), enhancement(24 hours, along with sleep) and Spatial transfer(48 to 72 hours). Finally, it can be stated that the variability of the spatial and temporal substructures of movement consolidation according to the type of task can bring to mind that different measures should be considered for post-training needs of different movement skills.
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