Authors
1 MSc Student of Sports physiology, sports physiology and nutrition, Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Exercise Physiology and Sport Injuries and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, Sports Science Research Assistant, Skill National University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sport Injuries and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Sport Sciences Ferdowsi, University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
Vitamin B12 is known as one of the essential vitamins for maintaining general health and optimal body function. This vitamin plays a vital role in energy metabolism, red blood cell production, and nervous system function. Given the high importance of aerobic performance in athletes, investigating the effect of B12 supplementation on this performance is an important and significant issue. This study aims to investigate the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on improving aerobic performance in athletes and identify its possible mechanisms.
Research has shown that vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to reduced aerobic capacity and increased fatigue in athletes. Therefore, investigating the positive or negative effects of B12 supplementation can help improve athletic performance and quality of life in athletes. This study seeks to identify the relationship between B12 supplementation and improved aerobic performance, including oxygen consumption capacity (VO2 max), endurance ability, and recovery time.
The results of this study can help coaches and athletes in nutritional planning and selecting appropriate supplements, and also pave the way for further research in this area. Given the increasing use of supplements in the world of sports, this research can be used as a reliable source for scientific and practical decisions in the field of sports nutrition.
Research Method
A systematic and comprehensive approach is taken to write the article. This method involves several steps that collect, analyze, and interpret existing data on the effect of vitamin B12 on sports performance. First, a thorough review of the existing literature is conducted to identify relevant articles. This step involves searching reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Relevant keywords include “vitamin B12,” “aerobic performance,” “nutritional supplements,” and “athletes.”
After identifying the initial articles, the inclusion and exclusion criteria are determined for selecting studies. Studies that have investigated the effect of vitamin B12 on aerobic performance in athletes and have been published within the last ten years are considered. Articles that include clinical, experimental, or meta-analyses will also be selected as reliable sources. In addition, articles that examined the possible side effects or risks of vitamin B12 supplementation are included to provide a comprehensive view. Next, the information extracted from the selected articles is carefully analyzed. This information includes the type of study (experimental, observational, systematic review), number of participants, dose and duration of vitamin B12 supplementation, and the main results on aerobic performance.
table 1: entry and exit criteria
Entry criteria
exit criteria
Study Type
Research articles (clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews) that examined the effect of B12 supplementation on aerobic performance.
Theoretical articles, non-systematic reviews, or articles that address the effects of other supplements on aerobic performance.
Study Population
• Professional or amateur athletes (of either sex)
• Adults (18 years and older)
People with chronic diseases (such as diabetes, heart disease, or endocrine disorders).
People taking other supplements simultaneously with B12.
Intervention
Use of vitamin B12 supplementation in any form
(tablets, capsules, injections)
Studies that do not mention a specific dose of B12 supplementation.
Studies with an intervention duration of less than 4 weeks.
Outcomes
Measurement of aerobic performance (such as VO2 max, running time, exercise tolerance, or other relevant parameters).
No measurement of aerobic performance parameters.
Language
Articles published in Persian or English
Articles published in languages other than Persian or English.
Time Period
Articles published in the last 10 years
(e.g., from 2013 onwards).
Articles published before 2013.
Findings
The functions of vitamin B12 are very diverse. One of its main functions is to help metabolize fatty acids and produce energy. This vitamin is also effective in converting nutrients into energy and acts as a cofactor in various biochemical reactions. In addition, B12 is involved in processes related to the production and maintenance of myelin, which is the protective covering of nerves, and for this reason, its deficiency can lead to serious neurological problems. Deficiency of this vitamin can have serious health consequences, including fatigue, weakness, memory problems, mood disorders, and even megaloblastic anemia. Therefore, it is very important to be aware of food sources containing B12 and the daily requirement of this vitamin to maintain general health [2].
B12 also plays an important role in protein metabolism. For athletes, proteins are the main source of muscle building and tissue repair after hard training. Since B12 is effective in converting proteins into energy, supplementation with this vitamin can help with muscle growth and strength. Vitamin B12 has a significant impact on aerobic performance, primarily through increased hemoglobin levels and improved oxygen delivery to tissues. As hemoglobin levels increase, the body’s ability to use oxygen during exercise increases [4].
On the other hand, some studies have shown that excessive vitamin B12 intake may have side effects. In one study, high doses of this supplement resulted in unpleasant symptoms such as headaches and anxiety in some athletes [14]. Therefore, it is important to follow the appropriate dosage and consult a nutritionist before starting supplementation.
Some researchers have also noted the positive effects of vitamin B12 on the immune system of athletes. This vitamin can help strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of infections in athletes [15,16].
Discussion and Conclusion
Vitamin B12 supplementation is known to be an important factor in improving aerobic performance in athletes. Research results show that this vitamin acts as a vital factor in energy metabolism and can help produce red blood cells. This feature is especially important for endurance athletes who require more oxygen.
In addition to the positive effects on aerobic performance, taking this supplement can help reduce fatigue during long-term exercise, so a vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to serious problems in athletic performance. Athletes who are deficient in this vitamin may experience complications such as anemia, chronic fatigue, and decreased physical ability, and low levels of vitamin B12 are associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety.
Keywords
)